Discussion:
Refrigerator
(too old to reply)
Frederick Williams
2008-08-19 12:22:08 UTC
Permalink
What is the significance of the prefix "re" in the word "refrigerator"?
--
He is not here; but far away
The noise of life begins again
And ghastly thro' the drizzling rain
On the bald street breaks the blank day.
Einde O'Callaghan
2008-08-19 22:32:42 UTC
Permalink
Post by Frederick Williams
What is the significance of the prefix "re" in the word "refrigerator"?
Like many other "re-" words it comes ultimately from a Latin prefix
meaning "again". Originally "refrigeration" meant "making som cool
again" and was used to refer to bringing down the temperature of
somebody who had a fever. At some stage the meaning then changed to
"keep cool" and was then applied to the technique of food preservation.

REgards, Einde O'Callaghan
Bob Cunningham
2008-08-20 00:28:38 UTC
Permalink
(Crossposted to alt.usage.english.)

On Tue, 19 Aug 2008 13:22:08 +0100, Frederick Williams
Post by Frederick Williams
What is the significance of the prefix "re" in the word "refrigerator"?
As you probably know, the prefix "re-" occurs in quite a few English
words where its meanings of "again, back" or "away" don't seem to
offer a satisfactory reason.

The _New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary_ (_NSOED_) has one
definition of "re-" that seems applicable to its use in "refrigerate":

also w. frequent(ative). or intensive force, as in
redouble, redound, regard, research.

I suppose the prefix "re-" could be an intensifier in "refrigerate".

The etymology in _NSOED_ says "refrigerate" comes from a Latin word
"refrigeratus", so it would seem possibly more appropriate to ask what
meanings the prefix "re-" can have in Latin than in English. However,
the entry "re-" in _The Chambers Murray Latin-English Dictionary_
(1976) has mostly the same meanings I find for the English "re-" in
_NSOED_, and no meaning that seems to clarify its use in
"refrigerate".

Comments from Latin scholars would be appreciated.
--
Sparky
Western American English
Roland Hutchinson
2008-08-20 00:53:47 UTC
Permalink
Post by Bob Cunningham
(Crossposted to alt.usage.english.)
On Tue, 19 Aug 2008 13:22:08 +0100, Frederick Williams
Post by Frederick Williams
What is the significance of the prefix "re" in the word "refrigerator"?
As you probably know, the prefix "re-" occurs in quite a few English
words where its meanings of "again, back" or "away" don't seem to
offer a satisfactory reason.
The _New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary_ (_NSOED_) has one
also w. frequent(ative). or intensive force, as in
redouble, redound, regard, research.
I suppose the prefix "re-" could be an intensifier in "refrigerate".
The etymology in _NSOED_ says "refrigerate" comes from a Latin word
"refrigeratus", so it would seem possibly more appropriate to ask what
meanings the prefix "re-" can have in Latin than in English. However,
the entry "re-" in _The Chambers Murray Latin-English Dictionary_
(1976) has mostly the same meanings I find for the English "re-" in
_NSOED_, and no meaning that seems to clarify its use in
"refrigerate".
Comments from Latin scholars would be appreciated.
I think it is the same "re-" as in "refried beans" -- not "fried again",
but "thoroughly fried" -- a calque (or something very much like one) of
Mexican Spanish "refritos", which gets us one step closer to the Latin, at
any rate.
--
Roland Hutchinson Will play viola da gamba for food.

NB mail to my.spamtrap [at] verizon.net is heavily filtered to
remove spam. If your message looks like spam I may not see it.
Bob Cunningham
2008-08-20 01:30:07 UTC
Permalink
On Tue, 19 Aug 2008 20:53:47 -0400, Roland Hutchinson
Post by Roland Hutchinson
Post by Bob Cunningham
(Crossposted to alt.usage.english.)
On Tue, 19 Aug 2008 13:22:08 +0100, Frederick Williams
Post by Frederick Williams
What is the significance of the prefix "re" in the word "refrigerator"?
As you probably know, the prefix "re-" occurs in quite a few English
words where its meanings of "again, back" or "away" don't seem to
offer a satisfactory reason.
The _New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary_ (_NSOED_) has one
also w. frequent(ative). or intensive force, as in
redouble, redound, regard, research.
I suppose the prefix "re-" could be an intensifier in "refrigerate".
The etymology in _NSOED_ says "refrigerate" comes from a Latin word
"refrigeratus", so it would seem possibly more appropriate to ask what
meanings the prefix "re-" can have in Latin than in English. However,
the entry "re-" in _The Chambers Murray Latin-English Dictionary_
(1976) has mostly the same meanings I find for the English "re-" in
_NSOED_, and no meaning that seems to clarify its use in
"refrigerate".
Comments from Latin scholars would be appreciated.
I think it is the same "re-" as in "refried beans" -- not "fried again",
but "thoroughly fried" -- a calque (or something very much like one) of
Mexican Spanish "refritos", which gets us one step closer to the Latin, at
any rate.
That's quite interesting, and I don't doubt that you're right, but I
wondered about "refried beans" and looked it up in a couple of
dictionaries. For example, the CD version of _Webster's Third New
International Dictionary_ says

: frijoles cooked with seasonings, fried, then mashed and
fried again

And the _New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary_ has

refry /ri:"frVI/ v.t.M20.
[f. RE- + FRY v.]
Fry again. Chiefly in refried beans [tr. Sp. frijoles
refritos] (orig. US), pinto beans boiled and fried in
advance and refried when required.

I wonder if that's a case of folk etymology, erroneously deducing the
etymology from analysis of the phrase.

At http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refried_beans it says, among other
things,

The English term "refried", often interpreted as "fried
again", is a mistranslation of the Spanish word "refrito".
The prefix "re-" is commonly used in Mexican dialects to
add emphasis to words. The beans are fried only once and
the term refrito is actually a reference to overfrying
the bean paste so that it dries out to retain a shape for
serving purposes

I sense a connection between those remarks and a dictionary saying
that English "re-" can be an intensifier. It would be comforting to
learn that the intensifying "re-" in Spanish came from a "re-" with
the same meaning in Latin.

Incidentally, I find it interesting to meditate on the possibility
that some cooks have been deceived by the popular misconception and
are actually preparing refried beans by frying and frying again.
--
Sparky
Western American English
Einde O'Callaghan
2008-08-20 05:15:37 UTC
Permalink
Post by Bob Cunningham
(Crossposted to alt.usage.english.)
On Tue, 19 Aug 2008 13:22:08 +0100, Frederick Williams
Post by Frederick Williams
What is the significance of the prefix "re" in the word "refrigerator"?
As you probably know, the prefix "re-" occurs in quite a few English
words where its meanings of "again, back" or "away" don't seem to
offer a satisfactory reason.
The fact that the current meaning of a word doesn't contain the concept
of "again-ness" doesn't mean that it didn't originate from the latin
root meaning repitition. An example is the word "reduce" . Today there
is no sense of repetition here but originally it did come from a Latin
word meaning "to lead back".

Regards. Einde O'Callaghan
Bob Cunningham
2008-08-20 09:00:48 UTC
Permalink
On Wed, 20 Aug 2008 07:15:37 +0200, Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Bob Cunningham
(Crossposted to alt.usage.english.)
On Tue, 19 Aug 2008 13:22:08 +0100, Frederick Williams
Post by Frederick Williams
What is the significance of the prefix "re" in the word "refrigerator"?
As you probably know, the prefix "re-" occurs in quite a few English
words where its meanings of "again, back" or "away" don't seem to
offer a satisfactory reason.
The fact that the current meaning of a word doesn't contain the concept
of "again-ness" doesn't mean that it didn't originate from the latin
root meaning repitition. An example is the word "reduce" . Today there
is no sense of repetition here but originally it did come from a Latin
word meaning "to lead back".
But did Latin "refrigeratus" or "refrigerare" ever have any
connotation that could be inferred from any modern definition of
English "re-" besides intensification?

Is there in Latin a meaning of "re-" that connotes intensification or
emphasis?

(With respect to English usage, is there a difference between
intensification and emphasis?)
--
Woody Wordpecker
Greater Los Angeles, California
USA
Western American English
Einde O'Callaghan
2008-08-20 23:06:04 UTC
Permalink
Post by Bob Cunningham
On Wed, 20 Aug 2008 07:15:37 +0200, Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Bob Cunningham
(Crossposted to alt.usage.english.)
On Tue, 19 Aug 2008 13:22:08 +0100, Frederick Williams
Post by Frederick Williams
What is the significance of the prefix "re" in the word "refrigerator"?
As you probably know, the prefix "re-" occurs in quite a few English
words where its meanings of "again, back" or "away" don't seem to
offer a satisfactory reason.
The fact that the current meaning of a word doesn't contain the concept
of "again-ness" doesn't mean that it didn't originate from the latin
root meaning repitition. An example is the word "reduce" . Today there
is no sense of repetition here but originally it did come from a Latin
word meaning "to lead back".
But did Latin "refrigeratus" or "refrigerare" ever have any
connotation that could be inferred from any modern definition of
English "re-" besides intensification?
According to the Online Etymology dictionary the Latin root meant
"mitigation of heat", particularly in the context of illness - i.e.
reduction of fever, in other words "making cool again".

Regards, Einde O'Callaghan
Bob Cunningham
2008-08-21 01:10:59 UTC
Permalink
On Thu, 21 Aug 2008 01:06:04 +0200, Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Bob Cunningham
On Wed, 20 Aug 2008 07:15:37 +0200, Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Bob Cunningham
(Crossposted to alt.usage.english.)
On Tue, 19 Aug 2008 13:22:08 +0100, Frederick Williams
Post by Frederick Williams
What is the significance of the prefix "re" in the word "refrigerator"?
As you probably know, the prefix "re-" occurs in quite a few English
words where its meanings of "again, back" or "away" don't seem to
offer a satisfactory reason.
The fact that the current meaning of a word doesn't contain the concept
of "again-ness" doesn't mean that it didn't originate from the latin
root meaning repitition. An example is the word "reduce" . Today there
is no sense of repetition here but originally it did come from a Latin
word meaning "to lead back".
But did Latin "refrigeratus" or "refrigerare" ever have any
connotation that could be inferred from any modern definition of
English "re-" besides intensification?
According to the Online Etymology dictionary the Latin root meant
"mitigation of heat", particularly in the context of illness - i.e.
reduction of fever, in other words "making cool again".
That sounds good, but getting back to "refried" in "refried beans",
which is said to be a mistranslation of Spanish "refritos", which is
said to not mean "refried", but "fried well", it seems the
misconception is so widespread that it may outlast the correct
meaning. As I've said in another posting, it seems possible that the
time may come when refried beans are really fried twice, because
people will have heard so persistently that they were fried twice that
they will have started frying them twice.

Googling on "refried beans" seems to come up with more statements that
"refried" in "refried beans" means "fried twice" than with
explanations of what really appears to be the true meaning, "fried
well".

As a further example of the widespreadness of the misconception, the
_Oxford Spanish Dictionary_ defines the Spanish adjective "refrito" as
(a) (cocina) refried
(b) (version/obra) rehashed

Incidentally, students who like mnemonics might like to think of the
meaning of "re-" in "frijoles refritos" as being sort of accidentally
equivalent to the English word "'re'ally", as in "*really* fried
beans". In that context, the Spanish "re-" and the English "really"
are intensifiers.
--
Woody Wordpecker
Greater Los Angeles, California
USA
Western American English
CDB
2008-08-21 02:39:44 UTC
Permalink
Bob Cunningham wrote:

[fritos refritos]
Post by Bob Cunningham
That sounds good, but getting back to "refried" in "refried beans",
which is said to be a mistranslation of Spanish "refritos", which is
said to not mean "refried", but "fried well", it seems the
misconception is so widespread that it may outlast the correct
meaning. As I've said in another posting, it seems possible that
the time may come when refried beans are really fried twice, because
people will have heard so persistently that they were fried twice
that they will have started frying them twice.
The shift of meaning may be in the nature of things. To fry and fry
again is roughly the same as to fry twice as long, therefore to fry
thoroughly. About the same process may be at work in "biscuit"
(twice-cooked): as far as I can tell, even the hardest biscuit (I am
thinking of sea-biscuit, or hardtack) is only baked for a long time,
not baked and then later baked again..
Post by Bob Cunningham
Googling on "refried beans" seems to come up with more statements
that "refried" in "refried beans" means "fried twice" than with
explanations of what really appears to be the true meaning, "fried
well".
As a further example of the widespreadness of the misconception, the
_Oxford Spanish Dictionary_ defines the Spanish adjective "refrito"
as (a) (cocina) refried
(b) (version/obra) rehashed
Again, hashed over is thoroughly hashed, whether or not you take a
break in the middle of things. On the other hand, I hear they do
chips in two stages. Maybe they should be French REfries.
Post by Bob Cunningham
Incidentally, students who like mnemonics might like to think of the
meaning of "re-" in "frijoles refritos" as being sort of
accidentally equivalent to the English word "'re'ally", as in
"*really* fried beans". In that context, the Spanish "re-" and the
English "really" are intensifiers.
Beans frit for a king.
Frederick Williams
2008-08-21 13:03:51 UTC
Permalink
Post by CDB
chips in two stages. Maybe they should be French REfries.
In the States are they still 'freedom fries'? Or have they got over
that silliness, aided, perhaps, by a change of president in France?
--
He is not here; but far away
The noise of life begins again
And ghastly thro' the drizzling rain
On the bald street breaks the blank day.
tony cooper
2008-08-21 13:28:29 UTC
Permalink
On Thu, 21 Aug 2008 14:03:51 +0100, Frederick Williams
Post by Frederick Williams
Post by CDB
chips in two stages. Maybe they should be French REfries.
In the States are they still 'freedom fries'? Or have they got over
that silliness, aided, perhaps, by a change of president in France?
They never were "freedom fries" in the US except in the cafeteria of
the House of Representatives , and that was changed. There may have
been a few restaurants that went along with it to get some publicity.
To 99-point-something of Americans it was a joke to begin with.
--
Tony Cooper - Orlando, Florida
unknown
2008-08-21 13:38:06 UTC
Permalink
Post by Frederick Williams
Post by CDB
chips in two stages. Maybe they should be French REfries.
In the States are they still 'freedom fries'? Or have they got over
that silliness, aided, perhaps, by a change of president in France?
That reminds me; Jan Lodder once asked for cites in support of my
contention that the French reputation for surrender/cowardice predated
the relatively recent "surrender monkeys" appellation.

I offer Mark Twain's writings in _Letters From the Earth_. Though
there are other examples, I quote from _The French and the Comanches_:

"The most attractive feature of the French national character, and its
most encouraging one to the missionary, is its admirable and
unapproachable docility. We look upon rabbits as being meek. But what
is the meekness of the rabbit to the meekness of the Frenchman? Are
there any rabbits that would allow themselves to be abused, insulted,
and trodden under foot persistently and continuously for a thousand
years, and never offer to bite? Europe is freckled all over with
daring little communities which have risen against powerful oppressors
time and time again, and compelled redress. The list stretches out to
weariness. William Tells and Wat Tylers have been common nearly
everywhere but in France. Yet France rose at last--and would have
retired to its warren quite contented with a cuff and a bonbon if the
foolish King had offered them, but it was not his style to do the
needful thing at the needful time, so the chance went by. Then the
nation cast its rabbit skin and put on its other national garment, the
tiger skin, being closely pressed by Europe in arms, it went a step
further and asserted its manhood, and was doubtless surprised to find
how much it had of it. Napoleon, the great foreigner, brought the
people's soldiership up to the last summit of perfection; and when he
got ready, he dressed the nation in their rabbit skins again, and put
his foot on their necks, and they glorified him for it. Napoleon III
accommodated them in the same way, to their vast satisfaction."
--
roses are #FF0000
violets are #0000FF
all my base
are belong to you
Hatunen
2008-08-21 03:33:48 UTC
Permalink
On Wed, 20 Aug 2008 18:10:59 -0700, Bob Cunningham
Post by Bob Cunningham
On Thu, 21 Aug 2008 01:06:04 +0200, Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Bob Cunningham
On Wed, 20 Aug 2008 07:15:37 +0200, Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Bob Cunningham
(Crossposted to alt.usage.english.)
On Tue, 19 Aug 2008 13:22:08 +0100, Frederick Williams
Post by Frederick Williams
What is the significance of the prefix "re" in the word "refrigerator"?
As you probably know, the prefix "re-" occurs in quite a few English
words where its meanings of "again, back" or "away" don't seem to
offer a satisfactory reason.
The fact that the current meaning of a word doesn't contain the concept
of "again-ness" doesn't mean that it didn't originate from the latin
root meaning repitition. An example is the word "reduce" . Today there
is no sense of repetition here but originally it did come from a Latin
word meaning "to lead back".
But did Latin "refrigeratus" or "refrigerare" ever have any
connotation that could be inferred from any modern definition of
English "re-" besides intensification?
According to the Online Etymology dictionary the Latin root meant
"mitigation of heat", particularly in the context of illness - i.e.
reduction of fever, in other words "making cool again".
That sounds good, but getting back to "refried" in "refried beans",
which is said to be a mistranslation of Spanish "refritos", which is
said to not mean "refried", but "fried well", it seems the
misconception is so widespread that it may outlast the correct
meaning. As I've said in another posting, it seems possible that the
time may come when refried beans are really fried twice, because
people will have heard so persistently that they were fried twice that
they will have started frying them twice.
Googling on "refried beans" seems to come up with more statements that
"refried" in "refried beans" means "fried twice" than with
explanations of what really appears to be the true meaning, "fried
well".
All I can get by googling is that the beans are cooked twice:
boiled as beans normally are, then mashed up and fried.

According to http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/refritos,
refrito can mean either "over-fried (demasiado frito)" or
"re-fried (frito de nuevo)", which seems to mean newly fried,
which refritos are, after boiling.
--
************* DAVE HATUNEN (***@cox.net) *************
* Tucson Arizona, out where the cacti grow *
* My typos & mispellings are intentional copyright traps *
Roland Hutchinson
2008-08-21 04:36:28 UTC
Permalink
Post by Hatunen
boiled as beans normally are, then mashed up and fried.
According to http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/refritos,
refrito can mean either "over-fried (demasiado frito)" or
"re-fried (frito de nuevo)", which seems to mean newly fried,
which refritos are, after boiling.
Not quite: "de nuevo" means "again", "another time".
--
Roland Hutchinson Will play viola da gamba for food.

NB mail to my.spamtrap [at] verizon.net is heavily filtered to
remove spam. If your message looks like spam I may not see it.
Hatunen
2008-08-21 04:59:04 UTC
Permalink
On Thu, 21 Aug 2008 00:36:28 -0400, Roland Hutchinson
Post by Roland Hutchinson
Post by Hatunen
boiled as beans normally are, then mashed up and fried.
According to http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/refritos,
refrito can mean either "over-fried (demasiado frito)" or
"re-fried (frito de nuevo)", which seems to mean newly fried,
which refritos are, after boiling.
Not quite: "de nuevo" means "again", "another time".
"Another time" would seem to fit.
--
************* DAVE HATUNEN (***@cox.net) *************
* Tucson Arizona, out where the cacti grow *
* My typos & mispellings are intentional copyright traps *
Roland Hutchinson
2008-08-21 12:53:04 UTC
Permalink
Post by Hatunen
On Thu, 21 Aug 2008 00:36:28 -0400, Roland Hutchinson
Post by Roland Hutchinson
Post by Hatunen
boiled as beans normally are, then mashed up and fried.
According to http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/refritos,
refrito can mean either "over-fried (demasiado frito)" or
"re-fried (frito de nuevo)", which seems to mean newly fried,
which refritos are, after boiling.
Not quite: "de nuevo" means "again", "another time".
"Another time" would seem to fit.
It's in the sense of "a second time", "a third time", etc. (not "at a
different time") -- i.e. pretty much the same as "again" -- so I don't see
how it particularly fits the frying after mashing.
--
Roland Hutchinson Will play viola da gamba for food.

NB mail to my.spamtrap [at] verizon.net is heavily filtered to
remove spam. If your message looks like spam I may not see it.
Bob Cunningham
2008-08-21 11:30:20 UTC
Permalink
Post by Hatunen
On Wed, 20 Aug 2008 18:10:59 -0700, Bob Cunningham
[...]
Post by Hatunen
Post by Bob Cunningham
Googling on "refried beans" seems to come up with more statements that
"refried" in "refried beans" means "fried twice" than with
explanations of what really appears to be the true meaning, "fried
well".
boiled as beans normally are, then mashed up and fried.
Okay, I see now that "cooked twice" is in several hits, at least
implied, as a reason for the term "refried". I seem to have
carelessly taken that to mean "fried twice".

But it still seems to be true that the word "refried" doesn't come
from the twice cooking, even with the first cooking not being frying.
It does seem to be true that the "re-" is an intensifier, not a sign
of repetition. When people use "cooked twice" in discussing refried
beans, it seems likely that a lot of people will take it to mean fried
twice.

Interesting to see, two popular American desk dictionaries differ
significantly in their definitions of "refried beans".
_Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary_ reflects the
misconception

beans cooked with seasonings, fried, then mashed and
fried again.

_Webster's New World College Dictionary_, in both the third and fourth
editions, has the definition that we seem to have learned here to be
the right one:

a Mexican dish consisting of beans, especially pinto beans,
that have been simmered till tender, then seasoned, mashed,
and fried
Post by Hatunen
According to http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/refritos,
refrito can mean either "over-fried (demasiado frito)" or
"re-fried (frito de nuevo)", which seems to mean newly fried,
which refritos are, after boiling.
But I take "frito de nuevo" to mean "fried again".

At http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=de+nuevo
there are a number of forums discussing, directly or indirectly, "de
nuevo". One of them, from a native speaker of Spanish from Argentina,
has the remark

Pasámelo otra vez. ó
Pasámelo de nuevo.
El significado de esas dos frases es el mismo.

But note that the Spanish dictionary you quote doesn't suggest that
the definition of "refrito", "frito de nuevo", applies to refried
beans:

refrito
adjective
1. over-fried (demasiado frito); re-fried (frito de nuevo)

I take that to suggest that "refrito" can mean "demasiado frito" when
applied to refried beans, but can also mean simply "fried again" in
other contexts.
--
Woody Wordpecker
Greater Los Angeles, California, USA
Western American English
Bob Cunningham
2008-08-21 12:16:09 UTC
Permalink
On Thu, 21 Aug 2008 04:30:20 -0700, Bob Cunningham
<***@earthlink.net> wrote:

[...]
Post by Bob Cunningham
But note that the Spanish dictionary you quote doesn't suggest that
the definition of "refrito", "frito de nuevo", applies to refried
refrito
adjective
1. over-fried (demasiado frito); re-fried (frito de nuevo)
I take that to suggest that "refrito" can mean "demasiado frito" when
applied to refried beans, but can also mean simply "fried again" in
other contexts.
But, come to think of it, I don't think "demasiado" is the right word
for refried beans. "Demasiado" means "too many" or "too much".
Refried beans are cooked greatly, but to say they're cooked too much
implies that they are cooked beyond a desirable degree.

That is, "demasiado frito" implies to me that the beans have been
cooked more than intended rather than intentionally well cooked.
--
Woody Wordpecker
Greater Los Angeles, California, USA
Western American English
Roland Hutchinson
2008-08-21 12:58:11 UTC
Permalink
Post by Bob Cunningham
On Thu, 21 Aug 2008 04:30:20 -0700, Bob Cunningham
[...]
Post by Bob Cunningham
But note that the Spanish dictionary you quote doesn't suggest that
the definition of "refrito", "frito de nuevo", applies to refried
refrito
adjective
1. over-fried (demasiado frito); re-fried (frito de nuevo)
I take that to suggest that "refrito" can mean "demasiado frito" when
applied to refried beans, but can also mean simply "fried again" in
other contexts.
But, come to think of it, I don't think "demasiado" is the right word
for refried beans. "Demasiado" means "too many" or "too much".
Refried beans are cooked greatly, but to say they're cooked too much
implies that they are cooked beyond a desirable degree.
I think the idea is that they are fried more than would be desirable in any
other dish.
Post by Bob Cunningham
That is, "demasiado frito" implies to me that the beans have been
cooked more than intended rather than intentionally well cooked.
Maybe "overfried"?

It's not much different from saying "underdone" (BrE) for rare-cooked meat,
which does not mean "cooked less than intended" but "intensionally lightly
cooked".
--
Roland Hutchinson Will play viola da gamba for food.

NB mail to my.spamtrap [at] verizon.net is heavily filtered to
remove spam. If your message looks like spam I may not see it.
unknown
2008-08-21 13:19:19 UTC
Permalink
Post by Roland Hutchinson
It's not much different from saying "underdone" (BrE) for rare-cooked meat,
which does not mean "cooked less than intended" but "intensionally lightly
cooked".
Are you trying to cause us stress?
--
roses are #FF0000
violets are #0000FF
all my base
are belong to you
Roland Hutchinson
2008-08-21 13:51:20 UTC
Permalink
Post by unknown
Post by Roland Hutchinson
It's not much different from saying "underdone" (BrE) for rare-cooked
meat, which does not mean "cooked less than intended" but "intensionally
lightly cooked".
Are you trying to cause us stress?
Just trying to make a tense situation a little tensor.
--
Roland Hutchinson Will play viola da gamba for food.

NB mail to my.spamtrap [at] verizon.net is heavily filtered to
remove spam. If your message looks like spam I may not see it.
pritsy
2008-08-25 17:58:19 UTC
Permalink
Post by Roland Hutchinson
Post by unknown
Post by Roland Hutchinson
It's not much different from saying "underdone" (BrE) for rare-cooked
meat, which does not mean "cooked less than intended" but "intensionally
lightly cooked".
Are you trying to cause us stress?
Just trying to make a tense situation a little tensor.
--
Roland Hutchinson Will play viola da gamba for food.
NB mail to my.spamtrap [at] verizon.net is heavily filtered to
remove spam. If your message looks like spam I may not see it.
Oh! you are all so close! You would have to go to the best source -
The Dictionary of the Real Academia. It defines the prefix "re-".

re-. (Del lat. re-).
1. pref. Significa 'repetición'. Reconstruir.
2. pref. Significa 'movimiento hacia atrás'. Refluir.
3. pref. Denota 'intensificación'. Recargar.

It denotes intensity in this case, not repetition.

A parent, in exasperation, could tell a child "Estoy recansado de oir esa
musica."
"I am really tired of hearing that music." would be the idiomatic
translation.
musika
2008-08-21 13:27:03 UTC
Permalink
Roland Hutchinson wrote:
Snip
Post by Roland Hutchinson
It's not much different from saying "underdone" (BrE) for rare-cooked
meat, which does not mean "cooked less than intended" but
"intensionally lightly cooked".
Was that "intensionally" intentional or are you just tense?
--
Ray
UK
Bob Cunningham
2008-08-21 13:51:56 UTC
Permalink
On Thu, 21 Aug 2008 08:58:11 -0400, Roland Hutchinson
Post by Roland Hutchinson
Post by Bob Cunningham
On Thu, 21 Aug 2008 04:30:20 -0700, Bob Cunningham
[...]
Post by Bob Cunningham
But note that the Spanish dictionary you quote doesn't suggest that
the definition of "refrito", "frito de nuevo", applies to refried
refrito
adjective
1. over-fried (demasiado frito); re-fried (frito de nuevo)
I take that to suggest that "refrito" can mean "demasiado frito" when
applied to refried beans, but can also mean simply "fried again" in
other contexts.
But, come to think of it, I don't think "demasiado" is the right word
for refried beans. "Demasiado" means "too many" or "too much".
Refried beans are cooked greatly, but to say they're cooked too much
implies that they are cooked beyond a desirable degree.
I think the idea is that they are fried more than would be desirable in any
other dish.
Post by Bob Cunningham
That is, "demasiado frito" implies to me that the beans have been
cooked more than intended rather than intentionally well cooked.
Maybe "overfried"?
To me, "overfried" connotes fried more than desired. The _New Shorter
Oxford_ doesn't have "overfried", but it does have

over'cook v. (a) v.t. cook too much or for too long;
Post by Roland Hutchinson
It's not much different from saying "underdone" (BrE) for rare-cooked meat,
which does not mean "cooked less than intended" but "intensionally lightly
cooked".
And "underdone" connotes to me cooked less than it should be.

_NSOED_ has for "underdone"

Not adequately or completely done; esp. (of food)
insufficiently or lightly cooked.

That seems to cover both your use ("lightly") and my take ("not
adequately").

When Scrooge told Marley that Marley was nothing but a bit of
underdone beef, I took that to connote that underdone beef was not to
be desired because it might lead to having nightmares.

Incidentally, your "rare-cooked meat" suggests another good case in
point for the hypercorrect use of "-ly". "Rarely cooked meat", which
I wouldn't be surprised to hear from some people, would be meat that's
seldom cooked.
--
Woody Wordpecker
Greater Los Angeles, California, USA
Western American English
R H Draney
2008-08-21 14:52:11 UTC
Permalink
Post by Bob Cunningham
Incidentally, your "rare-cooked meat" suggests another good case in
point for the hypercorrect use of "-ly". "Rarely cooked meat", which
I wouldn't be surprised to hear from some people, would be meat that's
seldom cooked.
Ah, he!...r
--
Evelyn Wood just looks at the pictures.
Roland Hutchinson
2008-08-21 15:44:24 UTC
Permalink
Post by R H Draney
Post by Bob Cunningham
Incidentally, your "rare-cooked meat" suggests another good case in
point for the hypercorrect use of "-ly". "Rarely cooked meat", which
I wouldn't be surprised to hear from some people, would be meat that's
seldom cooked.
Ah, he!...r
Yes, an interesting word, but hardly worth discussing at length.
--
Roland Hutchinson Will play viola da gamba for food.

NB mail to my.spamtrap [at] verizon.net is heavily filtered to
remove spam. If your message looks like spam I may not see it.
Bob Cunningham
2008-08-21 20:43:52 UTC
Permalink
Post by R H Draney
Post by Bob Cunningham
Incidentally, your "rare-cooked meat" suggests another good case in
point for the hypercorrect use of "-ly". "Rarely cooked meat", which
I wouldn't be surprised to hear from some people, would be meat that's
seldom cooked.
Ah, he!...r
Who "he"?
--
Woody Wordpecker
Greater Los Angeles, California, USA
Western American English
R H Draney
2008-08-21 21:45:56 UTC
Permalink
Post by Bob Cunningham
Post by R H Draney
Post by Bob Cunningham
Incidentally, your "rare-cooked meat" suggests another good case in
point for the hypercorrect use of "-ly". "Rarely cooked meat", which
I wouldn't be surprised to hear from some people, would be meat that's
seldom cooked.
Ah, he!...r
Who "he"?
As in "this meat, he is seldom cooked"....r
--
Evelyn Wood just looks at the pictures.
Skitt
2008-08-21 21:50:59 UTC
Permalink
Post by R H Draney
Post by Bob Cunningham
Post by R H Draney
Post by Bob Cunningham
Incidentally, your "rare-cooked meat" suggests another good case in
point for the hypercorrect use of "-ly". "Rarely cooked meat",
which I wouldn't be surprised to hear from some people, would be
meat that's seldom cooked.
Ah, he!...r
Who "he"?
As in "this meat, he is seldom cooked"....r
Isn't that usually "she"?
--
Skitt (Follower of the FOTIPU)
The Faith of the Invisible Pink Unicorns is based upon both logic and faith.
We have faith that they are pink; we logically know that they are invisible
because we can't see them." - Steve Eley
Frank ess
2008-08-22 00:25:17 UTC
Permalink
Post by Bob Cunningham
Post by Hatunen
On Wed, 20 Aug 2008 18:10:59 -0700, Bob Cunningham
[...]
Post by Hatunen
Post by Bob Cunningham
Googling on "refried beans" seems to come up with more statements
that "refried" in "refried beans" means "fried twice" than with
explanations of what really appears to be the true meaning, "fried
well".
boiled as beans normally are, then mashed up and fried.
Okay, I see now that "cooked twice" is in several hits, at least
implied, as a reason for the term "refried". I seem to have
carelessly taken that to mean "fried twice".
But it still seems to be true that the word "refried" doesn't come
from the twice cooking, even with the first cooking not being
frying. It does seem to be true that the "re-" is an intensifier,
not a sign of repetition. When people use "cooked twice" in
discussing refried beans, it seems likely that a lot of people will
take it to mean fried twice.
Interesting to see, two popular American desk dictionaries differ
significantly in their definitions of "refried beans".
_Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary_ reflects the
misconception
beans cooked with seasonings, fried, then mashed and
fried again.
_Webster's New World College Dictionary_, in both the third and
fourth editions, has the definition that we seem to have learned
a Mexican dish consisting of beans, especially pinto beans,
that have been simmered till tender, then seasoned, mashed,
and fried
Post by Hatunen
According to http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/refritos,
refrito can mean either "over-fried (demasiado frito)" or
"re-fried (frito de nuevo)", which seems to mean newly fried,
which refritos are, after boiling.
But I take "frito de nuevo" to mean "fried again".
At http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=de+nuevo
there are a number of forums discussing, directly or indirectly, "de
nuevo". One of them, from a native speaker of Spanish from
Argentina, has the remark
Pasámelo otra vez. ó
Pasámelo de nuevo.
El significado de esas dos frases es el mismo.
But note that the Spanish dictionary you quote doesn't suggest that
the definition of "refrito", "frito de nuevo", applies to refried
refrito
adjective
1. over-fried (demasiado frito); re-fried (frito de nuevo)
I take that to suggest that "refrito" can mean "demasiado frito"
when applied to refried beans, but can also mean simply "fried
again" in other contexts.
In our house, weekly, if not every-fourth-daily, the frijoles are
spiced and mashed _as they are being fried the first time_, if "fried"
means "cooking in a frying pan over a meaningful flame". This
ordinarily takes place well in advance of serving, which will not
occur until the juice has been reduced and the mix is approaching dry.
The frying pan of spiced and smashed beans will sit unflamed while
much of the remainder of a meal is prepared, then reheated for
serving.

We usually have at least two legumages (couldn't be "vintages", now,
could it?) of unspiced, unsmashed beans in the was:Refrigerator, and
could produce a useful single-stage set of spiced, smashed, and
refried beans without the day-long boil step. Which, /requires/ pork
lard to even be initiated, a piece of ham bone, if possible, and a
whole spanish onion.

We also enjoy /frijoles rellenos/, or at least the joke, from a Viruta
y Capulina movie: two very poor men are discussing what will be their
supper. "What shall we have tonight?" "Frijoles rellenos". With some
pleasure and excitement: "Frijoles rellenos? Rellenos de que?" "De
gusanitos, mano. Somos repobres, ves?" ("With what filling?" 'Little
worms, bro. We are exceptionally poor, you see".

So in my apprehension, I see the "re-" part of "refritos" as a "very
much", rather than too-much, overdone, or once-again; maybe a little
in the vein of definition two from the Oxford Spanish Dictionary:

refrito1 -ta adjetivo
1 (Cocina) refried
2 versión/obra rehashed
--
Frank ess
Reinhold [Rey] Aman
2008-08-22 01:48:30 UTC
Permalink
Frank ess wrote:

[...]
Post by Frank ess
We also enjoy /frijoles rellenos/, or at least the joke, from a Viruta
y Capulina movie: two very poor men are discussing what will be their
supper. "What shall we have tonight?" "Frijoles rellenos". With some
pleasure and excitement: "Frijoles rellenos? Rellenos de que?" "De
gusanitos, mano. Somos repobres, ves?" ("With what filling?" 'Little
worms, bro. We are exceptionally poor, you see".
So in my apprehension, I see the "re-" part of "refritos" as a "very
much", rather than too-much, overdone, or once-again;
[...]

The "re-" intensifier as in "repobres" (exceptionally poor [ones])
above, with the additional superlative suffix "-ísima," occurs also in
the well-known Spanish insult, "La *reputísima* madre que te parió."
From "re + puta + ísima." It can be translated only clumsily into
English as "The exceptionally-super-whorish mother who bore you."
¿Verdad, mano?

~~~ Reinhold [Rey] Aman ~~~
Frank ess
2008-08-22 04:08:52 UTC
Permalink
Post by Reinhold [Rey] Aman
[...]
Post by Frank ess
We also enjoy /frijoles rellenos/, or at least the joke, from a
Viruta y Capulina movie: two very poor men are discussing what
will be their supper. "What shall we have tonight?" "Frijoles
rellenos". With some pleasure and excitement: "Frijoles rellenos?
Rellenos de que?" "De gusanitos, mano. Somos repobres, ves?"
("With what filling?" 'Little worms, bro. We are exceptionally
poor, you see".
So in my apprehension, I see the "re-" part of "refritos" as a
"very much", rather than too-much, overdone, or once-again;
[...]
The "re-" intensifier as in "repobres" (exceptionally poor [ones])
above, with the additional superlative suffix "-ísima," occurs also
in the well-known Spanish insult, "La *reputísima* madre que te
parió." From "re + puta + ísima." It can be translated only
clumsily into English as "The exceptionally-super-whorish mother
who bore you." ¿Verdad, mano?
~~~ Reinhold [Rey] Aman ~~~
Pos sí, compa'. ¿Cómo que no?
--
Frank ess
Roland Hutchinson
2008-08-22 01:53:07 UTC
Permalink
Post by Frank ess
We also enjoy /frijoles rellenos/, or at least the joke, from a Viruta
y Capulina movie: two very poor men are discussing what will be their
supper. "What shall we have tonight?" "Frijoles rellenos". With some
pleasure and excitement: "Frijoles rellenos? Rellenos de que?" "De
gusanitos, mano. Somos repobres, ves?" ("With what filling?" 'Little
worms, bro. We are exceptionally poor, you see".
Love it! Love it so much, in fact, that I won't even "¡oy!" the missing
accent mark and inverted question marks.
--
Roland Hutchinson Will play viola da gamba for food.

NB mail to my.spamtrap [at] verizon.net is heavily filtered to
remove spam. If your message looks like spam I may not see it.
Frank ess
2008-08-22 04:17:24 UTC
Permalink
Post by Roland Hutchinson
Post by Frank ess
We also enjoy /frijoles rellenos/, or at least the joke, from a
Viruta y Capulina movie: two very poor men are discussing what
will be their supper. "What shall we have tonight?" "Frijoles
rellenos". With some pleasure and excitement: "Frijoles rellenos?
Rellenos de que?" "De gusanitos, mano. Somos repobres, ves?"
("With what filling?" 'Little worms, bro. We are exceptionally
poor, you see".
Love it! Love it so much, in fact, that I won't even "¡oy!" the
missing accent mark and inverted question marks.
Thank you. I like to offer the free "Oy!" now and again, and always
appreciate constructive forbearance. Also, sometimes I just lose the
plot and

) <-- Not a smiley.
--
Frank ess
Pat Durkin
2008-08-22 19:31:12 UTC
Permalink
Post by Frank ess
Post by Bob Cunningham
Post by Hatunen
On Wed, 20 Aug 2008 18:10:59 -0700, Bob Cunningham
[...]
Post by Hatunen
Post by Bob Cunningham
Googling on "refried beans" seems to come up with more statements
that "refried" in "refried beans" means "fried twice" than with
explanations of what really appears to be the true meaning, "fried
well".
boiled as beans normally are, then mashed up and fried.
Okay, I see now that "cooked twice" is in several hits, at least
implied, as a reason for the term "refried". I seem to have
carelessly taken that to mean "fried twice".
But it still seems to be true that the word "refried" doesn't come
from the twice cooking, even with the first cooking not being
frying. It does seem to be true that the "re-" is an intensifier,
not a sign of repetition. When people use "cooked twice" in
discussing refried beans, it seems likely that a lot of people will
take it to mean fried twice.
Interesting to see, two popular American desk dictionaries differ
significantly in their definitions of "refried beans".
_Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary_ reflects the
misconception
beans cooked with seasonings, fried, then mashed and
fried again.
_Webster's New World College Dictionary_, in both the third and
fourth editions, has the definition that we seem to have learned
a Mexican dish consisting of beans, especially pinto beans,
that have been simmered till tender, then seasoned, mashed,
and fried
Post by Hatunen
According to http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/refritos,
refrito can mean either "over-fried (demasiado frito)" or
"re-fried (frito de nuevo)", which seems to mean newly fried,
which refritos are, after boiling.
But I take "frito de nuevo" to mean "fried again".
At http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=de+nuevo
there are a number of forums discussing, directly or indirectly, "de
nuevo". One of them, from a native speaker of Spanish from
Argentina, has the remark
Pasámelo otra vez. ó
Pasámelo de nuevo.
El significado de esas dos frases es el mismo.
But note that the Spanish dictionary you quote doesn't suggest that
the definition of "refrito", "frito de nuevo", applies to refried
refrito
adjective
1. over-fried (demasiado frito); re-fried (frito de nuevo)
I take that to suggest that "refrito" can mean "demasiado frito"
when applied to refried beans, but can also mean simply "fried
again" in other contexts.
We also enjoy /frijoles rellenos/, or at least the joke, from a Viruta
y Capulina movie: two very poor men are discussing what will be their
supper. "What shall we have tonight?" "Frijoles rellenos". With some
pleasure and excitement: "Frijoles rellenos? Rellenos de que?" "De
gusanitos, mano. Somos repobres, ves?" ("With what filling?" 'Little
worms, bro. We are exceptionally poor, you see".
I think (though it's been ages) that I have heard "requete-, as with
abuelos, and requetebisabuelos" (bisbisabuelos), so would "requetepobre"
be possible (for pobrisimo etc.)? I have the sense that this doubling
of the intensifier might have been heard in a mother-and-child
conversation or story-telling.
Post by Frank ess
So in my apprehension, I see the "re-" part of "refritos" as a "very
much", rather than too-much, overdone, or once-again; maybe a little
refrito1 -ta adjetivo
1 (Cocina) refried
2 versión/obra rehashed
Pat Durkin
2008-08-21 13:49:03 UTC
Permalink
Post by Hatunen
On Wed, 20 Aug 2008 18:10:59 -0700, Bob Cunningham
Post by Bob Cunningham
On Thu, 21 Aug 2008 01:06:04 +0200, Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Bob Cunningham
On Wed, 20 Aug 2008 07:15:37 +0200, Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Einde O'Callaghan
Post by Bob Cunningham
(Crossposted to alt.usage.english.)
On Tue, 19 Aug 2008 13:22:08 +0100, Frederick Williams
Post by Frederick Williams
What is the significance of the prefix "re" in the word
"refrigerator"?
As you probably know, the prefix "re-" occurs in quite a few
English words where its meanings of "again, back" or "away"
don't seem to offer a satisfactory reason.
The fact that the current meaning of a word doesn't contain the
concept of "again-ness" doesn't mean that it didn't originate
from the latin root meaning repitition. An example is the word
"reduce" . Today there is no sense of repetition here but
originally it did come from a Latin word meaning "to lead back".
But did Latin "refrigeratus" or "refrigerare" ever have any
connotation that could be inferred from any modern definition of
English "re-" besides intensification?
According to the Online Etymology dictionary the Latin root meant
"mitigation of heat", particularly in the context of illness - i.e.
reduction of fever, in other words "making cool again".
That sounds good, but getting back to "refried" in "refried beans",
which is said to be a mistranslation of Spanish "refritos", which is
said to not mean "refried", but "fried well", it seems the
misconception is so widespread that it may outlast the correct
meaning. As I've said in another posting, it seems possible that the
time may come when refried beans are really fried twice, because
people will have heard so persistently that they were fried twice
that they will have started frying them twice.
Googling on "refried beans" seems to come up with more statements
that "refried" in "refried beans" means "fried twice" than with
explanations of what really appears to be the true meaning, "fried
well".
boiled as beans normally are, then mashed up and fried.
According to http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/refritos,
refrito can mean either "over-fried (demasiado frito)" or
"re-fried (frito de nuevo)", which seems to mean newly fried,
which refritos are, after boiling.
As it has been described to me, refritos exist in a pan on the back
burner, to which freshly cooked beans are added, either as leftovers, or
purposely cooked to increase the base amount, and seasoning is added to
enrich the flavor from time to time. Some scorching may occur, but that
goes along with the refried existence and flavor.

I was watching a cooking show about China (Shanghai, I think) in which
the street shops brag about how old their basic soup stock is. With
constant additions and cooking a high-class stall may have soup stock
well over 15 years in age.

Is it the French pot au feu that is constantly replenished in the
standard home-cooking household?
Bob Cunningham
2008-08-21 20:54:10 UTC
Permalink
On Thu, 21 Aug 2008 08:49:03 -0500, "Pat Durkin" <***@sbc.com>
wrote:

[...]
Post by Pat Durkin
With
constant additions and cooking a high-class stall may have soup stock
well over 15 years in age.
Do you really say "in age" rather than "of age", or was that a
<something>o? If you do say "in age", would you say it's the normal
usage wherever you are, or is it an individualistic choice on your
part?
--
Woody Wordpecker
Greater Los Angeles, California, USA
Western American English
Evan Kirshenbaum
2008-08-25 20:35:16 UTC
Permalink
Post by Hatunen
According to http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/refritos,
refrito can mean either "over-fried (demasiado frito)" or
"re-fried (frito de nuevo)", which seems to mean newly fried,
which refritos are, after boiling.
According to the DRAE, the verb "refreír" (which, by the way, comes
from Latin "refrigere"), which "refrito" is a[1] past participle of,
has three senses:

1. tr. Volver a freír.

"fry again"

2. tr. Freír mucho o muy bien algo.

"fry something a lot or very well"

3. tr. Freír demasiado algo.

"fry something too much"

[1] They say that both "refrito" and "refreído" are used.
--
Evan Kirshenbaum +------------------------------------
HP Laboratories |There's been so much ado already
1501 Page Mill Road, 1U, MS 1141 |that any further ado would be
Palo Alto, CA 94304 |excessive.
| Lori Karkosky
***@hpl.hp.com
(650)857-7572

http://www.kirshenbaum.net/
Frederick Williams
2008-08-21 12:56:04 UTC
Permalink
Post by Frederick Williams
What is the significance of the prefix "re" in the word "refrigerator"?
Thank you for all replies.

My worry, as I'm sure you all guessed, was that I could not put
something in a refrigerator until it had spent some time in a
frigerator, and I don't have one of those.
--
He is not here; but far away
The noise of life begins again
And ghastly thro' the drizzling rain
On the bald street breaks the blank day.
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